<p class="p" style="text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">拉力机的引伸计是用来感受试件变形的器件，在测试过程中扮演着关键角色。以下是一些常见的拉力机引伸计类型：</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="p" style="text-indent: 24pt; padding: 0pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体"><img alt="拉力机引伸计" src="http://www.hengke88.com/uploads/190820/1-1ZR0143U5b3.jpg" /></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-weight:normal"><font face="宋体">1.</font></span></span></span></span><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">机械式引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：这类引伸计通过指针或光标直接指示位移示值。例如，百分表式、杠杠式和光学式引伸计都是机械式引伸计的常见形式。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:6px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-weight:normal"><font face="宋体">2.</font></span></span></span></span><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">电子式引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：这类引伸计采用电子元件构成，具有更高的灵敏度和准确性。电阻应变式、电感式、电容式、光栅式、激光式以及非接触式（如视频激光）引伸计都属于电子式引伸计的范围。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:6px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">根据装夹方式，引伸计还可以分为：</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">1.人工装卡引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：这是常用的引伸计类型，由试验人员将引伸计装卡在试件上进行试验。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:2px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">2.自动引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：这是机电一体复合式的自动引伸计，与试验主机为一体机构，由程序设定计算机控制进行装卡和打开引伸计。它主要用于大量同类试件的大规模校验。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="p" style="margin-top:14px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">此外，根据量程、标距和试验加载方向，引伸计也有不同的分类：</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="p" style="margin-top:14px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">1.</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">小变形引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：适用于</font><font face="宋体">5mm变形以下或更小变形的测试。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:2px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">2.大变形引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：适用于</font><font face="宋体">20mm至500mm（或更大）的变形量测试，主要用于特定要求的硬化指数或试样延伸率的测量。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:2px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">3.小标距、普通标距和大标距引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：根据标距的不同进行分类。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:2px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">4.拉伸引伸计、压缩引伸计、拉压双向引伸计和扭转引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：根据试验加载方向进行分类。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:2px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">最后，根据测量对象，引伸计还可以分为：</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">1.径向引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：用于检测标准试件的径向收缩变形。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:2px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">2.夹式引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：常用于检测裂纹张开位移，尤其在断裂力学实验中。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:2px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span class="15" style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">3.轴向引伸计</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">：用于各种金属材料和非金属材料变形测量的仪器。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:2px; text-indent:24.0000pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0000pt"><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="letter-spacing:0.0000pt"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="text-transform:none"><span style="font-style:normal"><font face="宋体">综上所述，拉力机的引伸计类型繁多，各具特色，适用于不同的测试需求和应用场景。在选择引伸计时，需要根据具体的试验要求和试件特性进行考虑。</font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>